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Filler-based materials dispersed in polymeric, metallic or ceramic matrices have many advantages over traditional materials. The objective of this work is a comparative study on the influence of ZnO incorporation on the morphological properties of HDPE / ZnO and PVA / ZnO nanocomposites. The preparation of the PVA-based mixtures was carried out by solvation in water, with different percentages of ZnO, namely 0.05 and 0.1 g, a temperature of 90 ° C., and intense stirring for 1 hour. The films were baked at 40 ° C for 72 hours. That based on HDPE is carried out by melt in a plastograph at a temperature of 200 ° C, with the use of several rates of treated and untreated filler. Two characterization methods were used to study the rheological behavior of the HDPE / ZnO and PVA / ZnO nanocomposites including scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction..